Migration ROI: how to read an index of passport access efficiency
Migration ROI here is a descriptive index of passport-access efficiency, not a financial return or an investment recommendation. The raw formula is:
- Numerator: the number of freely accessible destinations for the programme's passport.
- Denominator: published minimum investment (USD million) × estimated years to citizenship.
- Displayed score: the ratio above, log-normalised to a 0–100 scale within the programme set.
The index does not include additional fees, capital risk, tax benefits, education, healthcare, residence rights or the gain over the original passport. It should therefore be used only to compare the three variables in the formula.
See how we rank programmes in Migration ROI, cross-check with the investment programme map và Passport Index. The calculation method is on the Methodology page.
